Arlanda's single biggest operational challenge is winter. The airport sits in the Mälaren Valley, a relatively flat inland area where cold Arctic air pools during winter months. Average temperatures from December through February hover between -3°C and -7°C, with regular dips below -15°C during cold snaps.
De-icing Backlogs
Every aircraft departing Arlanda in freezing conditions must be de-iced before takeoff. During peak morning departures — when 30 or more aircraft may need treatment simultaneously — the de-icing process creates significant queues. Each aircraft takes 15–30 minutes to de-ice, and the anti-icing fluid has a limited holdover time, meaning that if the aircraft doesn't take off within a specific window after treatment, it must be de-iced again.
Claim impact: De-icing is a routine, predictable requirement at Arlanda for five months of the year. Airlines that operate from northern European airports are expected to factor de-icing time into their schedules. If they fail to do so — scheduling tight turnarounds that don't allow for de-icing — the resulting delay is their responsibility. Only genuinely exceptional winter storms that exceed all normal parameters may qualify as extraordinary circumstances.
Snow Clearance Operations
Arlanda has three runways, but during heavy snowfall, one or more may be temporarily closed for ploughing and chemical treatment. This reduces capacity by 33–66%, creating a bottleneck effect. Arriving flights enter holding patterns, departing flights queue on taxiways, and the entire airport's throughput drops dramatically.
Claim impact: Moderate snowfall at Arlanda is normal and expected. Airlines and Swedavia (the airport operator) plan for it every year. Only genuinely exceptional blizzards — well beyond seasonal norms — are likely to qualify as extraordinary circumstances. A routine 10 cm snowfall causing a 4-hour delay is almost certainly compensable.
Freezing Fog
The Mälaren Valley's proximity to Lake Mälaren creates specific conditions for freezing fog, particularly on still winter mornings. This reduces visibility below the minimums required for instrument approaches, effectively shutting down the airport until conditions improve.
Claim impact: Freezing fog is a genuine weather event that can constitute an extraordinary circumstance. However, if the fog cleared by mid-morning but your afternoon flight was still delayed due to the resulting backlog, the weather defence weakens significantly. We examine the exact timeline for every claim.